Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: F2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Paul Lai Chuen LAM, Associate Professor, Centre for Learning Enhancement And Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

– Mr Wikie Wai Kei CHAN, Research Coordinator, Centre for Learning Enhancement And Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

– Miss Ka Yan LAU, Research Assistant, Centre for Learning Enhancement And Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the educational landscape, presenting both opportunities and challenges for educators. This poster presentation showcases the work of two UGC-funded projects: “AI in Education” and “Generative AI for Teaching and Education (GATE).” These initiatives aim to bridge the gap between AI technologies and educators. By familiarizing educators with AI applications, empowering them with research insights, and providing professional development opportunities, these projects enable teachers to harness the power of AI as a tool for enhancing teaching and learning experiences. The presentation highlights the journey of supporting teachers in exploring, understanding, and applying AI in their own teaching contexts and calls for active participation in the broader AI community.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: F4, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Mr Chun Hoi CHEUNG, Assistant Professor of Practice, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Miss Hoi Yan FONG, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Miss Judith WONG, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Mr Conrad Kwan Ho CHAN, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Mr Shu Kin FONG, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

Background: Led by Hong Kong Baptist University in collaboration with the University of Hong Kong, the project initiated the first-of-its-kind non-conventional simulation practicum in a realistic setting using Virtual Reality(VR) technology. Aim: The aim is to enhance students’ first-hand experiences with TCM diagnosis and consultations, thereby optimize the effectiveness of service-learning and equip students with necessary attributes such as self-learning ability and communication skills as future practitioners. Method The project encompassed (1)scriptwriting for VR development, (2)VR application with debriefing sessions held to explain the rationales of diseases and relevant physical examinations(PE) to students, and (3)skills contribution in service-learning. Numerical data was obtained through pre and post VR survey for analysis. The statistical test used was Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a paired difference test for comparing the pre-post scores of two matched samples. Post-VR focus group interviews were conducted to collect students’ views on the pros and cons of VR. Evaluation results Quantitatively, 51students completed the VR activity and responded the pre and post VR survey. Under 10-mark scoring scale with 10 as the largest extent, students’ self-evaluation on professional knowledge improved significantly. The medians of the mastery of diagnostic criteria, typical symptoms and physical examinations all increased from 6 to 7 with p<0.001. Students’ self-learning ability, understanding towards consultation procedures, technique in verbal consultation and skills in communicating with patients elevated from 6 to 7 in median, with p-values of 0.009,<0.001,<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively. Qualitatively, students mentioned in focus group that they got insights on the choices of physical examinations to be done in service-learning through VR. Yet, some students reported dizziness and nausea caused by VR headsets as the main barrier of the project, making it inapplicable to all students. Conclusion: This innovative approach is proven to improve clinical knowledge, foster self-learning ability, and develop generic attributes of students.

Theme: 1: Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: G2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Dr Florence Mei Kuen TANG, Lecturer, Division of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

– Dr Charis Yuk Man LI, Lecturer, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

– Mr Kenneth Chung Hin LAI, Centre for eLearning Innovation and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

The metaverse offers unique attributes that differentiate it from other educational tools, particularly its “Interactivity, Corporeality, and Permanence” within an immersive unreal space. Active learning, a dynamic educational approach, encourages students to engage in learning rather than passively receiving information. We aim to harness the metaverse concept to create interior architectural design virtual spaces where learners can interact in real-time, computer-generated environments. Methods and Results Our team is currently developing innovative Metaverse Learning Environments (MetaL). Since early 2023, we have transitioned health-related tertiary education to active metaverse-based pedagogy for teaching and learning activities. This approach includes in-class teaching, flipped classes, after-class learning, virtual hands-on practice, and AI tutoring. A preliminary observational study of in-class activities reveals that teachers can reinforce knowledge delivery while students enhance their learning through positive class interactions. Discussion and Conclusion The MetaL showcases the importance of leveraging technology to revolutionize traditional learning environments. Such transformation boosts students’ confidence in self-directed learning, communication skills, collaborative learning, problem-solving, innovation, critical reflection, and proficiency in professional training, but with challenges. Take Home Message In the future, the rapid advancements in online-based communication and generative AI technologies will transform the academic landscape, contributing to metaverse digital learning resources. Additionally, interior architecture and design are critical for students to experience psychological and emotional relaxation when engaging in virtual learning environments for ethical interaction.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Venue: B2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Mr Iain KILLOUGHERY, Lecturer, Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

Graduate attributes (GAs), formally adopted by higher education institutions for some time, describe the skills and competences that students should develop over the course of their studies. GAs are considered important to universities as they act as a means to represent and extend their brand, while also providing a channel to maintain connection with industry. However, despite regular engagement with industry, employers remain unsatisfied with graduate transferable skills. This may be caused by a lack of a common theoretical underpinning to develop such attributes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide an evidence-based methodology which develops transferable skills in university graduates. Two classes were used in this study; one class received a 12-week intervention incorporating a variety of coaching activities. The second class acted as a control group. Students completed pre-intervention surveys providing self-reports of ratings in GAs and resourcefulness behaviours. Post-intervention, students again complete surveys reporting self-ratings on the same topics. Survey data was analysed to identify changes in student scores, which highlighted improvements in all graduate attribute ratings post-intervention. Furthermore, help-seeking behaviours were shown to have significant improvement post-intervention. This study suggests that coaching practices may provide an effective method to develop transferable skills in students.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: 2.4  Whole-Person Development

Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Venue: B1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Miss Eunice Yuen Man CHAU, Senior Research Assistant, Department of Geography, Asian Energy Studies Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Mr Andy Wei Hei SIU, Senior Research Assistant, MPhil student, Department of Geography, Asian Energy Studies Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

In this digital era, the learning model of higher education students has been reshaping due to emerging social structures and technological forces in a smart society, alongside the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous research has shown that there are several barriers to the implementation of research-based learning and teaching (RBLT) from the perspective of both students and teachers that are insufficient to cope with the changes in the present, and community-based learning that utilises the community as living laboratories seems to be a feasible solution. This research aims to develop a novel model of RBLT, adopting a train-the-trainer approach for over 70 student interns across local universities, and establishing a five-tiered organisational structure to comprehensively evaluate their positive changes in all sub-themes in Cognitive (knowledge-based), Psychomotor (action-based), and Affective (emotion-based) domains. Research data were collected from more than 70 events supported by trained student interns serving over 2,000 participants in our four research communities and partner schools. The research indicated that the impact of the model of community-based RBLT went beyond enhanced teaching and learning effectiveness for students and teachers. The combination of online and physical learning experiences also created synergies between learning and teaching.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: 2.1 Community of Practice (CoP)

Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500
Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400;1500-1600

Oral Presentation Venue: Rose Room, Lower Level II
Poster Presentation Venue: H1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Ir Dr H H CHEUNG, Senior Lecturer, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong

– Mr Derek TONG, Tutor, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong

– Mr Like WEN, Research Assistant, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong

Abstract

The past social events and COVID-19 pandemic posed huge challenges to teaching and learning. The teaching team seized these challenges as opportunities to develop and incorporate e-learning in experiential projects and capstone courses, which otherwise mandate intensive face-to-face interactions. The team has developed the Digital Design House – An e-learning platform for collaborative product development – to facilitate experiential learning and hands-on projects in various courses that carry substantial components of innovative product design and development. The Digital Design House is a cloud-based experiential e-learning platform that provides remote access to CAD facilities for students to interact among group members and with teachers in virtual environments to share their ideas for product design and development. This e-learning platform integrates a set of advanced information and computing, 3D Hologram devices, virtual reality, mixed reality, and mobile devices with a suite of in-house developed applications for stereoscopic visualisation of virtual objects in an immersive virtual environment to facilitate systematic training and development of students’ innovative abilities through experiential learning. It not only allows students at different geographical regions and teachers to ubiquitously conduct teaching and learning, but also facilitates online lectures via video conferencing like Zoom or Microsoft Teams with more interactions in a virtually face-to-face environment. Indeed, this platform helps students understand what and how various knowledge and feasible technologies can be effectively integrated to create a feasible design/solution in a practical-and-innovative approach. As such, students are inspired with a stronger desire, self-initiative, and enthusiasm for exploring their potential in innovative creations.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: Strategic Development of Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL)

Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Venue: L6, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Gladys Wai Lan TANG, Centre Director, Centre for Sign Linguistics and Deaf Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong – Mr Jafi YF LEE, Research Associate, Centre for Sign Linguistics and Deaf Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong – Dr Chris KM YIU, Senior Programme Officer, Centre for Sign Linguistics and Deaf Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

The Centre for Sign Linguistics and Deaf Studies is building a Community of Practice to support deaf and hard-of-hearing (d/hh) students pursuing tertiary education. The d/hh students face different barriers to information accessibility because of their diverse backgrounds and learning needs. Possible types of educational support including captioning & AI summaries, subtitles for videos, note-taking/stenography, wireless transmission system, sign interpretation, and other accommodations should be explored to address their respective needs. The project will lead to 1) an improved understanding of the learning needs of the d/hh students, 2) a raised awareness of the physical learning environment/hardware accommodations, 3) the development of new teaching strategies and practices, 4) the deployment of new tools and aids, and 5) the design of a support system with accommodation for in-class and course-end assessments. The project will host seminars to facilitate the dissemination of effective strategies for supporting d/hh students among members of the CoP. The ultimate goal is to recommend an effective and operable support system to EDB and UGC.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: 2.1 Community of Practice (CoP)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: C4, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Dr John Alexander WRIGHT, Senior Lecturer, Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

– Dr Kin Chi WONG, Research Associate, Centre for Learning Enhancement and Research, Centre for Learning Enhancement and Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

– Ms Irene Yuet Shan LEUNG, Research Assistant, Centre for Learning Enhancement and Research, Centre for Learning Enhancement and Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

The project involves having research postgraduates in statistics (Stat RPgs) teach statistical methods to research postgraduates without a statistical background to support their research studies. During their training, they view our in-house developed videos. These videos include the learning challenges faced by students without a background in statistics. The videos also provide tips for effective statistics teaching, interviews with students without a statistics background, as well as shared experiences from previous Stat RPgs. After this, the RPgs finalize a teaching plan, prepare pre-workshop videos, and ultimately deliver two sections of a 3-hour in-person, hands-on workshop on a specific statistical method. The main challenge to the project’s success is formulating effective training strategies to align Stat RPgs’ expectations with those of students who lack a statistics background. Based on feedback from workshop participants and Stat RPgs, we recommend a bespoke approach to the training. This approach prioritizes learning from personal and shared experiences, as opposed to solely focusing on hard facts, theory, and data. The training includes observing the instant reactions of non-background students to math notations and basic statistics concepts, reviewing past experiences of Stat RPgs, observing how professors conduct workshops for students without a statistics background, facilitating discussions between Stat RPgs and instructors about draft teaching materials, and reflecting on teaching experiences after hands-on workshops. These activities prompt Stat RPgs to adapt their teaching methods to better accommodate students without a statistics background. Stat RPgs have discovered that modifying their teaching styles to suit the students’ needs is more effective than attempting to change the students. We discovered that our training program even enhances the teaching of Stat RPgs for statistics major students. This suggests the potential to develop sustainable, in-house training modules for teaching assistants within the department.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700
Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Oral Presentation Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II
Poster Presentation Venue: D2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Ms Hong Ching CHAN, Senior Curriculum Development Officer, Centre for Advancement of Chinese Language Education and Research, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong

– Ms Hongyun DENG, Research Manager, Centre for Advancement of Chinese Language Education and Research, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong

Abstract

Empowering ethnic-minority students’ learning of writing is essential to students’ development in school and beyond. The advent of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has accelerated the transformation of education systems, providing new possibilities for addressing their challenges. Guided by the writing process theory, social constructivism, and self-regulated learning, this study proposes the WISE framework, comprising four key components: Write, Investigate, Synthesize, and Evaluate. It also reports on qualitative research, incorporating participant observation and content analysis, on WISE’s implementation among 10 ethnic-minority students in three primary schools in Hong Kong. The results suggest that this framework can systematically support students’ writing abilities in terms of 1) enriching vocabulary and language usage, 2) improving quality and depth of writing content, 3) enhancing writing structures and creativity, and 4) strengthening critical thinking.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: Diversity and Inclusion Education

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: A3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Suntong QI, Assistant Professor of Teaching, Department of Marketing and International Business, Lingnan University

Abstract

As the adoption of AI-generated content (AIGC) continues to grow in educational settings, it is crucial to understand its impact on student learning experiences. Through surveys with undergraduate students, we explore students’ attitudes, perceptions, and expectations toward AIGC in their academic pursuits. By examining the student perspective, the presentation will provide valuable insights into the evolving landscape of AIGC in education. It will highlight the strategies and best practices that educational institutions can implement to ensure the responsible and ethical use of AIGC, empowering students to navigate this technological landscape effectively.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: F3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Paul Lai Chuen LAM, Associate Professor, Centre for Learning Enhancement And Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

This poster presentation illustrates how a teaching and learning community of practice (T&L CoP) is leveraged as a platform to bring together knowledge workers across The Chinese University of Hong Kong. The T&L CoP explores a variety of teaching and learning topics, ranging from the application of innovative technologies, curriculum, student engagement, pedagogy, and pedagogic research. In particular, the T&L CoP is versatile in two ways. First, it highlights the multifaceted nature of the community. Such overarching T&L CoP encompasses ten special interest groups (SIGs), such as artificial intelligence for education, education for social responsibility, educational research, students as partners, and service learning. Underlying most of these SIGs is a core teacher structure, meaning that teachers serve as convenors who initiate tasks and events while receiving support from the project team. Second, the T&L CoP is versatile in the sense of adaptability. Specifically, these SIGs are constantly evolving, with new groups being formed and old ones gradually phased out, following the pedagogic needs for current and future education. In this way, the T&L CoP serves as a dynamic, interconnected hub that enables the university community to collectively navigate pedagogical innovations, share insights, and elevate teaching and learning practice across disciplines.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: A2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Helen Hongyan GENG, Assistant Professor of Teaching, Science Unit, Lingnan University

Abstract

This study investigates the implementation of co-teaching in four general education courses — Earth Science, Environmental Science, Ecology, and Law—centered around the theme of carbon footprint. The project unfolds in two phases. Phase I engages Earth Science and Environmental Science in a structured debate on climate change, aiming to enhance students’ critical thinking by juxtaposing evidence supporting climate change against skeptical views. Phase II extends the co-teaching model to include Earth Science, Law, and Ecology, with a focus on groundwater pollution, to highlight a multidisciplinary approach to the issue. Throughout both phases, students from the co-teaching courses assimilated both face-to-face and online, concluding with individual research projects that analyze their co-teaching experiences. This study aims to promote curiosity-driven learning, nurture multidisciplinary education, and enhance students’ critical thinking and analytical competence.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: C3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Ms Yangzhi LI, PhD student, School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong – Prof Adam FINGRUT, Director, Master of Architecture Programme, School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

The paper presents an investigation into the integration of robotic fabrication technologies within architectural pedagogy, aiming to develop effective teaching methods and curricula tailored for a diverse group of students, including both postgraduate and undergraduate students. Robotics is an important technology in Industry 4.0, providing a wide range of capabilities in the manufacturing field. The rapid advancement of robotic arms in various industries has opened new possibilities for architectural education. Many architecture schools worldwide have established experimental laboratories equipped with robotic arms, creating opportunities for students to explore beyond the traditional scope of CNC manufacturing, however, professional courses focused on integrating robotic construction technologies into architectural education are currently scarce in the field. This research aims to explore the use of robots as an open interface for student problem-solving, geometry exploration, and programming in architectural education, catering to the students’ diverse backgrounds and skill levels. By utilizing robotic construction technologies, students can engage in hands-on experimentation, fostering the adoption of digital fabrication techniques.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: G3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Fraide A. Jr GANOTICE, Assistant Professor, Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong

Abstract

Disciplinary silos often perpetuate hierarchical relationships and competition, creating a significant barrier to teamwork and collaboration in healthcare. Students who are exclusively trained within the confines of their discipline and university miss out on opportunities to develop the interprofessional competencies necessary for managing complex medical conditions of patients. Therefore, cross-institutional interprofessional education is crucial to promote the sharing of expertise among professionals from different universities and to prepare students for clinical practice. This presentation will highlight the significant achievements of the project titled “Promoting cross-institutional collaboration through interprofessional education: Forging alliances in healthcare education.” Initiated by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) in partnership with the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), this innovative project aims to break down educational silos and foster interprofessional competencies among healthcare students. The project’s core objective is to enhance patient-centered care by developing and implementing a model of interprofessional education that integrates various healthcare disciplines. Throughout the four phases of the project—Program Development, Pilot Testing, Actual Implementation, and Evaluation and Dissemination—numerous achievements have been documented. These include the successful integration of interprofessional education into the curricula, enhanced collaborative competencies among students. The project also pioneered the development of an evidence-based cross-institutional IPE Model, setting a benchmark for future educational endeavors in the healthcare sector. This presentation will delve into the methodologies employed, the collaborative initiatives between HKU and PolyU, and the positive impact on healthcare education highlighted by reduced medical errors and improved healthcare outcomes. By showcasing these achievements, the session aims to inspire continued progress in interprofessional education and collaboration across healthcare institutions globally.

Theme: 1: Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: C1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Dr Alex KOON, Senior Lecturer, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

This poster-sharing session shares the outcomes collected in the first phase of a TDG project, “AI for Formative Assessment”, exploring how the Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) function in AI can possibly provide formative feedback in speaking assessments. In this phase of the project, language teachers from the Centre for Language in Education at the Education University of Hong Kong have applied the ASR function on Whatsapp, a daily social messenger platform for Hong Kong students, to provide formative feedback during a consultation session in a University speaking course: Skills for Language Test I. This project explores the effectiveness, challenges, and implications of using AI to provide formative feedback on pronouncing words and phrases.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: H3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Dr Henry Tsz Yeung FUNG, Lecturer cum Programme Director of ORGC Concentration, Communication Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on university students’ learning, necessitating a sudden shift from face-to-face learning to virtual learning. This sudden shift disrupted student-teacher interactions and cut off access to vital resources like libraries and media labs, leaving students scrambling in an unfamiliar digital landscape. Recognizing the need for accessible learning tools in these uncertain times, this study centres on the curation of a digital video archive featuring exemplary student works to facilitate peer-to-peer learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty high-achieving students majoring in communication were invited to discuss their learning experiences and the processes involved in creating distinct class projects. These interviews were then turned into thirty short peer-learning videos and stored in a digital archive. The archive was advertised to over 200 students via mass email, in-class promotions, and school web pages during the Fall 2022 and Spring 2023 semesters. To gain a better understanding of student engagement with the digital archive as a means of active learning and knowledge construction, three focus group interviews were conducted. Findings reveal that the archive positively impacts student learning by providing an accessible, flexible platform for understanding course materials outside of the traditional classroom setting. This is particularly useful during the add/drop period when students want to learn more about the course before enrolment. Additionally, the peer advice and work samples shared in the videos provide a grounded perspective on instructor expectations, hence enabling students to produce higher-quality work.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.3  Special UGC Grant for Strategic Development of Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL)