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- City University of Hong Kong ×
- Hong Kong Baptist University ×
- The University of Hong Kong ×
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- Tung Wah College ×
- 1. Showcase Project Achievements ×
- 2. Thematic Exploration ×
- 1.1 Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG) ×
- 1.3 Special UGC Grant for Strategic Development of Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL) ×
- 2.1 Community of Practice (CoP) ×
- 2.2 Diversity and Inclusion Education ×
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18 posts found
Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800
Venue: D4, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Dr William Man Yin CHEUNG, Senior Education Development Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong
– Ms Ka Yan SO, Educational Development Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong
Abstract
In the recent era of rapid development and ubiquitous application of artificial intelligence (AI), it has become crucial for all students to be AI-literate irrespective of their academic background. This poster shares the pilot run of the “AI for All” initiative at CityUHK, which introduced the basic principles, development, and recent applications of AI to the participating students. Students analysed how AI has been utilised by various organisations/platforms and demonstrated improved AI literacy after the initiative.
Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration
Sub-theme: 2.2 Diversity and Inclusion Education
Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600
Venue: F4, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Mr Chun Hoi CHEUNG, Assistant Professor of Practice, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University
– Miss Hoi Yan FONG, Hong Kong Baptist University
– Miss Judith WONG, Hong Kong Baptist University
– Mr Conrad Kwan Ho CHAN, Hong Kong Baptist University
– Mr Shu Kin FONG, Hong Kong Baptist University
Abstract
Background: Led by Hong Kong Baptist University in collaboration with the University of Hong Kong, the project initiated the first-of-its-kind non-conventional simulation practicum in a realistic setting using Virtual Reality(VR) technology. Aim: The aim is to enhance students’ first-hand experiences with TCM diagnosis and consultations, thereby optimize the effectiveness of service-learning and equip students with necessary attributes such as self-learning ability and communication skills as future practitioners. Method The project encompassed (1)scriptwriting for VR development, (2)VR application with debriefing sessions held to explain the rationales of diseases and relevant physical examinations(PE) to students, and (3)skills contribution in service-learning. Numerical data was obtained through pre and post VR survey for analysis. The statistical test used was Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a paired difference test for comparing the pre-post scores of two matched samples. Post-VR focus group interviews were conducted to collect students’ views on the pros and cons of VR. Evaluation results Quantitatively, 51students completed the VR activity and responded the pre and post VR survey. Under 10-mark scoring scale with 10 as the largest extent, students’ self-evaluation on professional knowledge improved significantly. The medians of the mastery of diagnostic criteria, typical symptoms and physical examinations all increased from 6 to 7 with p<0.001. Students’ self-learning ability, understanding towards consultation procedures, technique in verbal consultation and skills in communicating with patients elevated from 6 to 7 in median, with p-values of 0.009,<0.001,<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively. Qualitatively, students mentioned in focus group that they got insights on the choices of physical examinations to be done in service-learning through VR. Yet, some students reported dizziness and nausea caused by VR headsets as the main barrier of the project, making it inapplicable to all students. Conclusion: This innovative approach is proven to improve clinical knowledge, foster self-learning ability, and develop generic attributes of students.
Theme: 1: Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: 1.1 Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)
Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800
Venue: D1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Dr William Man Yin CHEUNG, Senior Education Development Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong
Abstract
The recent advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has demanded prompt actions for supporting educators to review and possibly revamp their courses accordingly. This poster shares the experience of CityUHK for administering a programme of online modules, seminars and funding availability to empower academic staff in incorporating AI into the curriculum. In response to the positive feedback received, the programme was implemented for a second time with updates and enhancement.
Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration
Sub-theme: 2.2 Diversity and Inclusion Education
Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600
Venue: C2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Professor Bin LI, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Translation, City University of Hong Kong
– Dr Yee Na LI, Part-time Research Associate, Department of Linguistics and Translation, City University of Hong Kong
Abstract
Our ten years’ evidence-based study revealed that the alternative pathway from sub-degree to degree studies is viable while challenging for Senior Year Admission (SYA) students. The inadequate alignment between sub-degree and university programmes is the main determinant of their heavy academic workload. Their transitional challenges call for an examination of the existing programme articulation process and academic advising to SYA students. In response to their needs, the project sustains our previous work from UGC-funded and TDG sustainability projects to promote best practices to support SYA students. An online Cross Institutional Credit-transfer Information System (CICIS) was launched to enhance the transparency of credit transfer and facilitate smooth transition of SYA students. Another student-centred Resources Website was developed to provide cross-institutional support to SYA students from the first point of transferring to universities. In addition, a series of collaborative activities, such as an international Credit Transfer Conference, local and overseas webinar sessions and the Internationalisation-at-Home (IaH) programme, has been organised. The project provides implications to administrators and policy makers in higher education, informing policies and practices to optimize the transfer experience for students’ greater success in universities and in the society.
Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: 1.1 Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)
Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500
Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400;1500-1600
Oral Presentation Venue: Rose Room, Lower Level II
Poster Presentation Venue: H1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Ir Dr H H CHEUNG, Senior Lecturer, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong
– Mr Derek TONG, Tutor, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong
– Mr Like WEN, Research Assistant, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong
Abstract
The past social events and COVID-19 pandemic posed huge challenges to teaching and learning. The teaching team seized these challenges as opportunities to develop and incorporate e-learning in experiential projects and capstone courses, which otherwise mandate intensive face-to-face interactions. The team has developed the Digital Design House – An e-learning platform for collaborative product development – to facilitate experiential learning and hands-on projects in various courses that carry substantial components of innovative product design and development. The Digital Design House is a cloud-based experiential e-learning platform that provides remote access to CAD facilities for students to interact among group members and with teachers in virtual environments to share their ideas for product design and development. This e-learning platform integrates a set of advanced information and computing, 3D Hologram devices, virtual reality, mixed reality, and mobile devices with a suite of in-house developed applications for stereoscopic visualisation of virtual objects in an immersive virtual environment to facilitate systematic training and development of students’ innovative abilities through experiential learning. It not only allows students at different geographical regions and teachers to ubiquitously conduct teaching and learning, but also facilitates online lectures via video conferencing like Zoom or Microsoft Teams with more interactions in a virtually face-to-face environment. Indeed, this platform helps students understand what and how various knowledge and feasible technologies can be effectively integrated to create a feasible design/solution in a practical-and-innovative approach. As such, students are inspired with a stronger desire, self-initiative, and enthusiasm for exploring their potential in innovative creations.
Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: Strategic Development of Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL)
Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700
Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800
Oral Presentation Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II
Poster Presentation Venue: D2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Ms Hong Ching CHAN, Senior Curriculum Development Officer, Centre for Advancement of Chinese Language Education and Research, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong
– Ms Hongyun DENG, Research Manager, Centre for Advancement of Chinese Language Education and Research, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong
Abstract
Empowering ethnic-minority students’ learning of writing is essential to students’ development in school and beyond. The advent of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has accelerated the transformation of education systems, providing new possibilities for addressing their challenges. Guided by the writing process theory, social constructivism, and self-regulated learning, this study proposes the WISE framework, comprising four key components: Write, Investigate, Synthesize, and Evaluate. It also reports on qualitative research, incorporating participant observation and content analysis, on WISE’s implementation among 10 ethnic-minority students in three primary schools in Hong Kong. The results suggest that this framework can systematically support students’ writing abilities in terms of 1) enriching vocabulary and language usage, 2) improving quality and depth of writing content, 3) enhancing writing structures and creativity, and 4) strengthening critical thinking.
Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration
Sub-theme: Diversity and Inclusion Education
Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700
Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II
Presenter(s)
– Ms Ka Yan SO, Education Development Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong
Abstract
Peer-Assisted Learning scheme using Supplemental Instruction (PALSI) has been a cornerstone of CityUHK’s commitment to academic excellence and student success. This presentation will introduce the PALSI initiative, a peer-led approach designed to enhance students’ understanding of course materials and improve overall learning strategies. Insights from PALSI coordinators and leaders will be shared, highlighting the scheme’s impact on both students and leaders.
Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration
Sub-theme: Diversity and Inclusion Education
Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500
Venue: Rose Room, Lower Level II
Presenter(s)
– Dr Ronnie SHROFF, Principal Project Fellow, Teaching and Learning Centre, Lingnan University
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the University Grants Committee (UGC) and the Quality Assurance Council (QAC) allocated dedicated funding to support the strategic long-term development of virtual teaching and learning (VTL) in Hong Kong’s eight UGC-funded universities. Lingnan University, as the lead institution of a consortium of six participating universities, secured funding to establish benchmarking practices and quality assurance standards on VTL that reference internationally accepted standards within the local context. This project aims to strengthen institutional capabilities and enhance the quality of VTL provision, including online teaching and learning, distance education delivery, and technology-enhanced learning. The project involves collaboration and funding from The University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and the City University of Hong Kong, as well as in-kind support from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The primary objective of this project is to establish a shared quality assurance framework and standards for online learning and teaching that align with local and global standards. By adopting a collaborative approach, this project seeks to enhance the quality of VTL as a key strategic focus area of institutional development and performance improvement. This presentation will provide an overview of the project’s key objectives, methodology and outcomes. It will also discuss the challenges encountered and lessons learned in developing quality assurance and benchmarking standards for VTL across universities. Finally, the presentation will conclude with recommendations for future collaborations to enhance the quality of VTL provision within the Hong Kong higher education context.
Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: Strategic Development of Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL)
Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600
Venue: A3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Professor Suntong QI, Assistant Professor of Teaching, Department of Marketing and International Business, Lingnan University
Abstract
As the adoption of AI-generated content (AIGC) continues to grow in educational settings, it is crucial to understand its impact on student learning experiences. Through surveys with undergraduate students, we explore students’ attitudes, perceptions, and expectations toward AIGC in their academic pursuits. By examining the student perspective, the presentation will provide valuable insights into the evolving landscape of AIGC in education. It will highlight the strategies and best practices that educational institutions can implement to ensure the responsible and ethical use of AIGC, empowering students to navigate this technological landscape effectively.
Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: 1.1 Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)
Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500
Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II
Team member(s)
– Professor Alvin Chung Man LEUNG, Associate Head & Associate Professor, Department of Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical importance of online learning, where learners must engage in self-regulated learning (SRL) to achieve optimal outcomes. Gamification interventions have been implemented to improve SRL engagement in online environments, but the mixed results of these efforts have raised doubts about their efficacy. This study investigates whether the inconsistent findings can be attributed to a lack of consideration for individual learner characteristics during gamification design. Focusing on Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), we examined how gamified performance feedback interacted with learners’ goal orientation, an individual trait known to influence SRL and learning. By tracking the SRL engagement of 760 college students over five weeks using learning analytics, we found that positively framed performance feedback without social comparisons increased SRL engagement and learning outcomes for participants with a strong performance-avoidance goal orientation. Conversely, the same feedback had a negative impact on participants with a strong mastery goal orientation. These findings contribute to SRL theory by demonstrating that the effectiveness of gamification in online learning is contingent on aligning the design elements with individual learner characteristics and highlight the importance of personalized gamification approaches to optimize SRL and learning in MOOC.
Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: Teaching Development and Language Enhancement
Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700
Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II
Presenter(s)
– Dr Cissy LI, Head, Language Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University
Abstract
Based on the UN’s 2030 Framework, global citizenship education (GCE) aims to develop learners’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values necessary to become active and responsible global citizens (Reimers et al., 2016). In order to become a successful global citizen, learners need to be aware of the interconnectedness of the world, respectful of diversity, reflective of personal and others’ behaviors and their impact, and committed to sustainability. More importantly, they need to be willing to take action to make changes for a better world. This presentation will report on the implementation and outcomes of part of the project Nurturing Global Citizenship through English (NGCE) using Kolb’s experiential learning framework. GCE guided learning in the ESL classroom was complemented with abundant GCE opportunities outside the classroom, including global dialogues, field trips and poster-exhibitions. Findings from questionnaire surveys and focus group interviews indicate that students had a heightened awareness of global citizenship and perceived improvements in cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioral competencies, which are the three core domains in GCE identified by UNESCO (2015). The positive outcomes highlight the benefits of integrating GCE into the English language curriculum and fostering diversity, inclusion, and international learning.
Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration
Sub-theme: Diversity and Inclusion Education
Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600
Venue: A2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Professor Helen Hongyan GENG, Assistant Professor of Teaching, Science Unit, Lingnan University
Abstract
This study investigates the implementation of co-teaching in four general education courses — Earth Science, Environmental Science, Ecology, and Law—centered around the theme of carbon footprint. The project unfolds in two phases. Phase I engages Earth Science and Environmental Science in a structured debate on climate change, aiming to enhance students’ critical thinking by juxtaposing evidence supporting climate change against skeptical views. Phase II extends the co-teaching model to include Earth Science, Law, and Ecology, with a focus on groundwater pollution, to highlight a multidisciplinary approach to the issue. Throughout both phases, students from the co-teaching courses assimilated both face-to-face and online, concluding with individual research projects that analyze their co-teaching experiences. This study aims to promote curiosity-driven learning, nurture multidisciplinary education, and enhance students’ critical thinking and analytical competence.
Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: 1.1 Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)
Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700
Venue: Fanling Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Professor Rick KWAN, Associate Dean (Programme) & Professor, School of Nursing, Tung Wah College
Abstract
In the professionalisation of healthcare services, many healthcare professions emerged. These healthcare professions become highly specialised to care for specific health issues, although their common goal is to promote human health. In the era of the increasing complexity of diseases and health issues, knowledge from a specific profession might not suffice to solve the complex health issues of humans. However, the knowledge generated from different healthcare professions may conflict. As a result, the healthcare plans including inputs from various healthcare professions lead to incongruent treatment practices. The derived conflicts jeopardize the health outcomes of people. Interprofessional education (IPE) occurs when (learners) from two or more professions learn about, from and with each other to enable effective collaboration and health outcomes. IPE is a necessary step in preparing a “collaborative practice-ready” health workforce that is better prepared to respond to local health needs. Tung Wah College offers training for the second-largest number of healthcare professionals in Hong Kong, including nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, radiotherapy, and medical laboratory science. These programmes are all accredited by the related professional regulating bodies in Hong Kong. However, interprofessional education is not a mandatory training requirement stipulated by these professional regulating bodies. Since 2023, TWC developed a Community of Practice of Healthcare Professional Health Education. We work closely together to share a common goal of strengthening interprofessional healthcare teamwork through integrated education across programmes.
Theme: 2: Thematic Exploration
Sub-theme: Community of Practice (CoP)
Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600
Venue: G3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Professor Fraide A. Jr GANOTICE, Assistant Professor, Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
Abstract
Disciplinary silos often perpetuate hierarchical relationships and competition, creating a significant barrier to teamwork and collaboration in healthcare. Students who are exclusively trained within the confines of their discipline and university miss out on opportunities to develop the interprofessional competencies necessary for managing complex medical conditions of patients. Therefore, cross-institutional interprofessional education is crucial to promote the sharing of expertise among professionals from different universities and to prepare students for clinical practice. This presentation will highlight the significant achievements of the project titled “Promoting cross-institutional collaboration through interprofessional education: Forging alliances in healthcare education.” Initiated by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) in partnership with the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), this innovative project aims to break down educational silos and foster interprofessional competencies among healthcare students. The project’s core objective is to enhance patient-centered care by developing and implementing a model of interprofessional education that integrates various healthcare disciplines. Throughout the four phases of the project—Program Development, Pilot Testing, Actual Implementation, and Evaluation and Dissemination—numerous achievements have been documented. These include the successful integration of interprofessional education into the curricula, enhanced collaborative competencies among students. The project also pioneered the development of an evidence-based cross-institutional IPE Model, setting a benchmark for future educational endeavors in the healthcare sector. This presentation will delve into the methodologies employed, the collaborative initiatives between HKU and PolyU, and the positive impact on healthcare education highlighted by reduced medical errors and improved healthcare outcomes. By showcasing these achievements, the session aims to inspire continued progress in interprofessional education and collaboration across healthcare institutions globally.
Theme: 1: Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: 1.1 Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)
Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500
Venue: Rose Room, Lower Level II
Presenter(s)
– Dr Jian YANG, Deputy Director of Education Technology (EdTech HKUMed), LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
Abstract
The “Students as Partners (SaP)” support framework fosters active interdisciplinary collaboration. Key initiatives undertaken by the Students as Partners Community of Practice (SaP CoP) involve organizing seminar-sharing sessions, hosting internal CoP meetings, and conducting formal consultation sessions for those initiating SaP projects. These efforts offer valuable learning opportunities and continuous support for both educators and students. At HKU, the SaP CoP has developed a Scope, Process, and Levels framework for SaP activities. In partnership with TALIC, the SaP CoP has established a dedicated webpage and featured it in the HKU bulletin. These initiatives have been well-received by students and staff alike, providing meaningful experiences and practical guidelines that significantly contribute to their learning and engagement journey.
Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: Strategic Development of Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL)
Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500
Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II
Presenter(s)
– Professor Michael BOTELHO, Clinical Professor, Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
– Ms Trinity JIAO, HKU SaP CoP Project Coordinator, Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
Abstract
The “Students as Partners (SaP)” support framework fosters active interdisciplinary collaboration. Key initiatives undertaken by the Students as Partners Community of Practice (SaP CoP) involve organizing seminar-sharing sessions, hosting internal CoP meetings, and conducting formal consultation sessions for those initiating SaP projects. These efforts offer valuable learning opportunities and continuous support for both educators and students. At HKU, the SaP CoP has developed a Scope, Process, and Levels framework for SaP activities. In partnership with TALIC, the SaP CoP has established a dedicated webpage and featured it in the HKU bulletin. These initiatives have been well-received by students and staff alike, providing meaningful experiences and practical guidelines that significantly contribute to their learning and engagement journey.
Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements
Sub-theme: Teaching Development and Language Enhancement
Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700
Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II
Presenter(s)
– Dr Chloe Pui Yee SIU, Senior Lecturer, School of Graduate Studies and Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University
Abstract
Gerontechnology is a multidisciplinary field combining gerontology and technology, it comes matching technological environments to various facets of an ageing population. With the development of technologies, the HKSAR Government and different enterprises develop innovative products to cater for the needs of older adults and caregivers. It is arguably essential to develop opportunities and capabilities by creating a gerontechnology ecosystem with innovation to enable different stakeholders to effectively participate in gerontechnology and help Hong Kong society to overcome challenges related to population ageing. Since 2019, Lingnan University has been at the forefront of promoting gerontechnology through its “Gerontechnology and Smart Ageing in Place Project.” The project’s primary goal is to advocate for the use of gerontechnology in facilitating smart ageing and to support the development of social entrepreneurship in this field. Furthermore, it functions as an educational platform, offering training courses and workshops on various aspects of gerontechnology, including healthcare, dining, living, transport, exercising, and learning. An essential component of LU’s approach is its emphasis on the value co-creation process, as outlined by Kijima et al. (2014). This model comprises four phases: co-experience, co-definition, co-elevation, and co-development. It provides a framework for understanding how value is generated, exchanged, and transformed through the collaboration of diverse stakeholders. This process is crucial for fostering innovation and ultimately leading to sustainable solutions for smart ageing.
Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration
Sub-theme: Diversity and Inclusion Education
Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600
Venue: H3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I
Presenter(s)
– Dr Henry Tsz Yeung FUNG, Lecturer cum Programme Director of ORGC Concentration, Communication Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on university students’ learning, necessitating a sudden shift from face-to-face learning to virtual learning. This sudden shift disrupted student-teacher interactions and cut off access to vital resources like libraries and media labs, leaving students scrambling in an unfamiliar digital landscape. Recognizing the need for accessible learning tools in these uncertain times, this study centres on the curation of a digital video archive featuring exemplary student works to facilitate peer-to-peer learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty high-achieving students majoring in communication were invited to discuss their learning experiences and the processes involved in creating distinct class projects. These interviews were then turned into thirty short peer-learning videos and stored in a digital archive. The archive was advertised to over 200 students via mass email, in-class promotions, and school web pages during the Fall 2022 and Spring 2023 semesters. To gain a better understanding of student engagement with the digital archive as a means of active learning and knowledge construction, three focus group interviews were conducted. Findings reveal that the archive positively impacts student learning by providing an accessible, flexible platform for understanding course materials outside of the traditional classroom setting. This is particularly useful during the add/drop period when students want to learn more about the course before enrolment. Additionally, the peer advice and work samples shared in the videos provide a grounded perspective on instructor expectations, hence enabling students to produce higher-quality work.