Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Venue: D4, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Dr William Man Yin CHEUNG, Senior Education Development Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong

– Ms Ka Yan SO, Educational Development Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong

Abstract

In the recent era of rapid development and ubiquitous application of artificial intelligence (AI), it has become crucial for all students to be AI-literate irrespective of their academic background. This poster shares the pilot run of the “AI for All” initiative at CityUHK, which introduced the basic principles, development, and recent applications of AI to the participating students. Students analysed how AI has been utilised by various organisations/platforms and demonstrated improved AI literacy after the initiative.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: 2.2 Diversity and Inclusion Education

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: F1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Ms Ka Yee Shirley CHAN, Lecturer, Centre for Language in Education, The Education University of Hong Kong

– Miss Mandy Xiao Ming YE, Research Assistant and student participant, Centre for Language in Education, The Education University of Hong Kong

Abstract

This poster-sharing session shares the outcomes collected in the first phase of a TDG project, “AI for Formative Assessment”, exploring how the Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) function in AI can possibly provide formative feedback in speaking assessments. In this phase of the project, language teachers from the Centre for Language in Education at the Education University of Hong Kong have applied the ASR function on Whatsapp, a daily social messenger platform for Hong Kong students, to provide formative feedback during a consultation session in a University speaking course: Skills for Language Test I. This project explores the effectiveness, challenges, and implications of using AI to provide formative feedback on pronouncing words and phrases.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: F4, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Mr Chun Hoi CHEUNG, Assistant Professor of Practice, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Miss Hoi Yan FONG, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Miss Judith WONG, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Mr Conrad Kwan Ho CHAN, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Mr Shu Kin FONG, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

Background: Led by Hong Kong Baptist University in collaboration with the University of Hong Kong, the project initiated the first-of-its-kind non-conventional simulation practicum in a realistic setting using Virtual Reality(VR) technology. Aim: The aim is to enhance students’ first-hand experiences with TCM diagnosis and consultations, thereby optimize the effectiveness of service-learning and equip students with necessary attributes such as self-learning ability and communication skills as future practitioners. Method The project encompassed (1)scriptwriting for VR development, (2)VR application with debriefing sessions held to explain the rationales of diseases and relevant physical examinations(PE) to students, and (3)skills contribution in service-learning. Numerical data was obtained through pre and post VR survey for analysis. The statistical test used was Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a paired difference test for comparing the pre-post scores of two matched samples. Post-VR focus group interviews were conducted to collect students’ views on the pros and cons of VR. Evaluation results Quantitatively, 51students completed the VR activity and responded the pre and post VR survey. Under 10-mark scoring scale with 10 as the largest extent, students’ self-evaluation on professional knowledge improved significantly. The medians of the mastery of diagnostic criteria, typical symptoms and physical examinations all increased from 6 to 7 with p<0.001. Students’ self-learning ability, understanding towards consultation procedures, technique in verbal consultation and skills in communicating with patients elevated from 6 to 7 in median, with p-values of 0.009,<0.001,<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively. Qualitatively, students mentioned in focus group that they got insights on the choices of physical examinations to be done in service-learning through VR. Yet, some students reported dizziness and nausea caused by VR headsets as the main barrier of the project, making it inapplicable to all students. Conclusion: This innovative approach is proven to improve clinical knowledge, foster self-learning ability, and develop generic attributes of students.

Theme: 1: Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Venue: D1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Dr William Man Yin CHEUNG, Senior Education Development Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong

Abstract

The recent advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has demanded prompt actions for supporting educators to review and possibly revamp their courses accordingly. This poster shares the experience of CityUHK for administering a programme of online modules, seminars and funding availability to empower academic staff in incorporating AI into the curriculum. In response to the positive feedback received, the programme was implemented for a second time with updates and enhancement.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: 2.2 Diversity and Inclusion Education

Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Venue: B4, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Mr Frankie Tsz Ki FAN, Executive Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong

Abstract

CityUHK launched the CityU Tiger Programme for nurturing the talents of tomorrow and transforming students into future global leaders. The Programme targets both newly-admitted undergraduate students with outstanding academic performance as well as high-achieving first-year students and have approximately 1,000 members in 2023/24. With constant guidance and support from faculty members, the Programme organised various tailored activities for these elite students, allowing them to navigate the challenges of the fast-changing world, cultivate their talents in their respective fields of study, contribute to their communities, and ultimately emerge as future leaders and change-makers.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: 2.4  Whole-Person Development

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: C2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Bin LI, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Translation, City University of Hong Kong

– Dr Yee Na LI, Part-time Research Associate, Department of Linguistics and Translation, City University of Hong Kong

Abstract

Our ten years’ evidence-based study revealed that the alternative pathway from sub-degree to degree studies is viable while challenging for Senior Year Admission (SYA) students. The inadequate alignment between sub-degree and university programmes is the main determinant of their heavy academic workload. Their transitional challenges call for an examination of the existing programme articulation process and academic advising to SYA students. In response to their needs, the project sustains our previous work from UGC-funded and TDG sustainability projects to promote best practices to support SYA students. An online Cross Institutional Credit-transfer Information System (CICIS) was launched to enhance the transparency of credit transfer and facilitate smooth transition of SYA students. Another student-centred Resources Website was developed to provide cross-institutional support to SYA students from the first point of transferring to universities. In addition, a series of collaborative activities, such as an international Credit Transfer Conference, local and overseas webinar sessions and the Internationalisation-at-Home (IaH) programme, has been organised. The project provides implications to administrators and policy makers in higher education, informing policies and practices to optimize the transfer experience for students’ greater success in universities and in the society.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1 Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Venue: B2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Mr Iain KILLOUGHERY, Lecturer, Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

Graduate attributes (GAs), formally adopted by higher education institutions for some time, describe the skills and competences that students should develop over the course of their studies. GAs are considered important to universities as they act as a means to represent and extend their brand, while also providing a channel to maintain connection with industry. However, despite regular engagement with industry, employers remain unsatisfied with graduate transferable skills. This may be caused by a lack of a common theoretical underpinning to develop such attributes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide an evidence-based methodology which develops transferable skills in university graduates. Two classes were used in this study; one class received a 12-week intervention incorporating a variety of coaching activities. The second class acted as a control group. Students completed pre-intervention surveys providing self-reports of ratings in GAs and resourcefulness behaviours. Post-intervention, students again complete surveys reporting self-ratings on the same topics. Survey data was analysed to identify changes in student scores, which highlighted improvements in all graduate attribute ratings post-intervention. Furthermore, help-seeking behaviours were shown to have significant improvement post-intervention. This study suggests that coaching practices may provide an effective method to develop transferable skills in students.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: 2.4  Whole-Person Development

Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700

Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II

Presenter(s)

– Ms Ka Yan SO, Education Development Officer, Talent and Education Development Office, City University of Hong Kong

Abstract

Peer-Assisted Learning scheme using Supplemental Instruction (PALSI) has been a cornerstone of CityUHK’s commitment to academic excellence and student success. This presentation will introduce the PALSI initiative, a peer-led approach designed to enhance students’ understanding of course materials and improve overall learning strategies. Insights from PALSI coordinators and leaders will be shared, highlighting the scheme’s impact on both students and leaders.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: Diversity and Inclusion Education

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: A4, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Ms Yi LI, Lecturer, Centre for Language in Education, The Education University of Hong Kong

Abstract

To enhance students’ proficiency in Putonghua and facilitate their integration into the workplace and life in the Greater Bay Area, the Centre for Language in Education at The Education University of Hong Kong is undertaking a Teaching Development Grant (TDG) project for 2023-2024. This project aims to engage professionals from various industries in the Greater Bay Area to conduct interviews on topics related to “work” and “life.” The interviews are categorized into four sections: “Job Hunting,” “Workplace Communication,” “Workplace Culture,” and “Life,” comprising a total of 20 topics. To provide comprehensive learning resources, the project team has recorded video interviews with experts, accompanied by textbook explanations. These valuable resources have been uploaded to EdUHK’s online learning platform, ensuring accessibility for all students. By utilizing this platform, students can enhance their learning experience and foster their understanding of the workplace environment in the Greater Bay Area. Through this initiative, students will gain valuable insights into the practical aspects of working and living in the Great Bay Area. The project aims to equip students with the essential language skills and cultural understanding required to excel in their future careers. This TDG project is designed to create an immersive and engaging learning environment by collaborating with industry professionals and leveraging an online platform. Collaborating with industry professionals and leveraging online platforms aims to create an immersive and engaging learning environment for students, preparing them for success in the dynamic Greater Bay Area.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500

Venue: Rose Room, Lower Level II

Presenter(s)

– Dr Ronnie SHROFF, Principal Project Fellow, Teaching and Learning Centre, Lingnan University

Abstract

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the University Grants Committee (UGC) and the Quality Assurance Council (QAC) allocated dedicated funding to support the strategic long-term development of virtual teaching and learning (VTL) in Hong Kong’s eight UGC-funded universities. Lingnan University, as the lead institution of a consortium of six participating universities, secured funding to establish benchmarking practices and quality assurance standards on VTL that reference internationally accepted standards within the local context. This project aims to strengthen institutional capabilities and enhance the quality of VTL provision, including online teaching and learning, distance education delivery, and technology-enhanced learning. The project involves collaboration and funding from The University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and the City University of Hong Kong, as well as in-kind support from The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The primary objective of this project is to establish a shared quality assurance framework and standards for online learning and teaching that align with local and global standards. By adopting a collaborative approach, this project seeks to enhance the quality of VTL as a key strategic focus area of institutional development and performance improvement. This presentation will provide an overview of the project’s key objectives, methodology and outcomes. It will also discuss the challenges encountered and lessons learned in developing quality assurance and benchmarking standards for VTL across universities. Finally, the presentation will conclude with recommendations for future collaborations to enhance the quality of VTL provision within the Hong Kong higher education context.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: Strategic Development of Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: A3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Suntong QI, Assistant Professor of Teaching, Department of Marketing and International Business, Lingnan University

Abstract

As the adoption of AI-generated content (AIGC) continues to grow in educational settings, it is crucial to understand its impact on student learning experiences. Through surveys with undergraduate students, we explore students’ attitudes, perceptions, and expectations toward AIGC in their academic pursuits. By examining the student perspective, the presentation will provide valuable insights into the evolving landscape of AIGC in education. It will highlight the strategies and best practices that educational institutions can implement to ensure the responsible and ethical use of AIGC, empowering students to navigate this technological landscape effectively.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500

Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II

Team member(s)

– Professor Alvin Chung Man LEUNG, Associate Head & Associate Professor, Department of Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical importance of online learning, where learners must engage in self-regulated learning (SRL) to achieve optimal outcomes. Gamification interventions have been implemented to improve SRL engagement in online environments, but the mixed results of these efforts have raised doubts about their efficacy. This study investigates whether the inconsistent findings can be attributed to a lack of consideration for individual learner characteristics during gamification design. Focusing on Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), we examined how gamified performance feedback interacted with learners’ goal orientation, an individual trait known to influence SRL and learning. By tracking the SRL engagement of 760 college students over five weeks using learning analytics, we found that positively framed performance feedback without social comparisons increased SRL engagement and learning outcomes for participants with a strong performance-avoidance goal orientation. Conversely, the same feedback had a negative impact on participants with a strong mastery goal orientation. These findings contribute to SRL theory by demonstrating that the effectiveness of gamification in online learning is contingent on aligning the design elements with individual learner characteristics and highlight the importance of personalized gamification approaches to optimize SRL and learning in MOOC.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: Teaching Development and Language Enhancement

Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700

Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II

Presenter(s)

– Dr Cissy LI, Head, Language Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

Based on the UN’s 2030 Framework, global citizenship education (GCE) aims to develop learners’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values necessary to become active and responsible global citizens (Reimers et al., 2016). In order to become a successful global citizen, learners need to be aware of the interconnectedness of the world, respectful of diversity, reflective of personal and others’ behaviors and their impact, and committed to sustainability. More importantly, they need to be willing to take action to make changes for a better world. This presentation will report on the implementation and outcomes of part of the project Nurturing Global Citizenship through English (NGCE) using Kolb’s experiential learning framework. GCE guided learning in the ESL classroom was complemented with abundant GCE opportunities outside the classroom, including global dialogues, field trips and poster-exhibitions. Findings from questionnaire surveys and focus group interviews indicate that students had a heightened awareness of global citizenship and perceived improvements in cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioral competencies, which are the three core domains in GCE identified by UNESCO (2015). The positive outcomes highlight the benefits of integrating GCE into the English language curriculum and fostering diversity, inclusion, and international learning.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: Diversity and Inclusion Education

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: A2, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Professor Helen Hongyan GENG, Assistant Professor of Teaching, Science Unit, Lingnan University

Abstract

This study investigates the implementation of co-teaching in four general education courses — Earth Science, Environmental Science, Ecology, and Law—centered around the theme of carbon footprint. The project unfolds in two phases. Phase I engages Earth Science and Environmental Science in a structured debate on climate change, aiming to enhance students’ critical thinking by juxtaposing evidence supporting climate change against skeptical views. Phase II extends the co-teaching model to include Earth Science, Law, and Ecology, with a focus on groundwater pollution, to highlight a multidisciplinary approach to the issue. Throughout both phases, students from the co-teaching courses assimilated both face-to-face and online, concluding with individual research projects that analyze their co-teaching experiences. This study aims to promote curiosity-driven learning, nurture multidisciplinary education, and enhance students’ critical thinking and analytical competence.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Oral Presentation Time: 1400-1500

Venue: Peony Room, Lower Level II

Presenter(s)

– Ms Anna Wai Yee YUEN, Lecturer / Person-in-charge, Virtual Exchange Centre, School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

Funded by the Quality Enhancement Support Scheme (QESS), the “Virtual Exchange for Authentic Teaching and Learning Innovation” project aims to establish partnerships with international tertiary institutions, equip teaching staff with Virtual Exchange (VE) skills, and promote VE as an innovative teaching pedagogy. The Virtual Exchange Centre (VEC) was established at the School of Continuing Education (SCE) in September 2022 to facilitate VE opportunities with our global partners. This presentation highlights SCE’s internationalisation efforts in VE, featuring successful course-embedded exchanges and extracurricular activities with institutions worldwide. Partnerships have been established with institutions from the U.S., U.K., Canada, Sweden, Australia, Japan, and Malaysia, with ongoing exploration of VE collaborations with potential partners from Mexico, Germany, Spain, Thailand, and India. Supported by quantitative and qualitative data, the presentation showcases the positive impact of internationalisation in VE on teaching and learning experiences. Engaging videos and compelling stories from SCE’s VE programs will be shared. In summary, the project exemplifies SCE’s commitment to enhancing education through global connection and collaboration through VE. It showcases the establishment of global partnerships, the development of VE programs, and the positive outcomes of internationalisation efforts. The presentation aims to inspire and inform the audience about the growing trend and transformative potential of VE in higher education.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: Quality Education Fund (QEF), and Quality Enhancement Support Scheme (QESS)

Poster Presentation Time: 1500-1600; 1700-1800

Venue: E1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Dr Bess Yue WANG, Senior Lecturer, Department of Journalism, School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University

– Dr Angela Dan WANG, Research Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism, School of Communication, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

The proposed course equips students with cutting-edge skills in AI and cloud-based solutions to address real-world media management challenges faced by NGOs. Through a dynamic, experiential learning approach, students will become digitally competent, industry-ready, and socially responsible professionals. Partnering with the Institute of Endurance Science and Technology (IEST) and Huawei, the course offers a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between technological expertise and social impact. Students will gain hands-on experience by developing cloud-based solutions for IEST’s data management, publicity, and digital governance needs. The curriculum emphasizes: 1. Understanding NGO media challenges and translating them into practical cloud-based solutions. 2. Utilizing Huawei’s cloud infrastructure and receiving expert training from their engineers. 3. Developing a comprehensive cloud solution proposal addressing a real-world problem faced by IEST. Student competency will be assessed through a Huawei Cloud Practitioner certification exam and a final project proposal evaluated by industry experts and IEST. This ensures the learning experience is not only relevant but also potentially impactful, with successful proposals considered for adoption by IEST. This course exemplifies the power of technology in driving positive social change while providing students with invaluable skills for the future.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: 2.3  Community Engaged Learning

Oral Presentation Time: 1600-1700

Venue: Camomile Room, Lower Level II

Presenter(s)

– Dr Chloe Pui Yee SIU, Senior Lecturer, School of Graduate Studies and Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University

Abstract

Gerontechnology is a multidisciplinary field combining gerontology and technology, it comes matching technological environments to various facets of an ageing population. With the development of technologies, the HKSAR Government and different enterprises develop innovative products to cater for the needs of older adults and caregivers. It is arguably essential to develop opportunities and capabilities by creating a gerontechnology ecosystem with innovation to enable different stakeholders to effectively participate in gerontechnology and help Hong Kong society to overcome challenges related to population ageing. Since 2019, Lingnan University has been at the forefront of promoting gerontechnology through its “Gerontechnology and Smart Ageing in Place Project.” The project’s primary goal is to advocate for the use of gerontechnology in facilitating smart ageing and to support the development of social entrepreneurship in this field. Furthermore, it functions as an educational platform, offering training courses and workshops on various aspects of gerontechnology, including healthcare, dining, living, transport, exercising, and learning. An essential component of LU’s approach is its emphasis on the value co-creation process, as outlined by Kijima et al. (2014). This model comprises four phases: co-experience, co-definition, co-elevation, and co-development. It provides a framework for understanding how value is generated, exchanged, and transformed through the collaboration of diverse stakeholders. This process is crucial for fostering innovation and ultimately leading to sustainable solutions for smart ageing.

Theme: 2. Thematic Exploration

Sub-theme: Diversity and Inclusion Education

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: A1, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Ms Crystal LUO, Teaching and Learning Manager, Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong

– Miss Pui Ying WONG, Educational Development Officer, Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong

Abstract

The global pandemic prompted academic institutions to shift from traditional test-based assessments to alternative assessments, including methods such as self-assessments, peer evaluations, and digital technology-enhanced tasks. The effectiveness of alternative assessment hinges on students’ perceptions, which may subsequently influence their degree of engagement. This study was thus designed to investigate the relationship between students’ perceptions and their involvement in alternative assessment in a Hong Kong university. An online survey was administered to 177 students between November 2022 and February 2023, with the collected data undergoing quantitative analysis. The results show that students generally maintain moderate levels of positive perceptions and active involvement towards alternative assessments. Moreover, a statistically significant correlation was observed between their perceptions and involvement. Our findings not only provide evidence to support the relationship between students’ perceptions and their involvement in alternative assessment practices, but also provide insights into the importance of understanding the real-life applicability of such assessments, the facilitating role of technological tools, and the practical implementation of these assessments into courses.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.1  Teaching Development and Language Enhancement Grant (TDLEG)

Poster Presentation Time: 1225-1400; 1500-1600

Venue: H3, Tai Po-Shek-O Room, Lower Level I

Presenter(s)

– Dr Henry Tsz Yeung FUNG, Lecturer cum Programme Director of ORGC Concentration, Communication Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University

Abstract

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on university students’ learning, necessitating a sudden shift from face-to-face learning to virtual learning. This sudden shift disrupted student-teacher interactions and cut off access to vital resources like libraries and media labs, leaving students scrambling in an unfamiliar digital landscape. Recognizing the need for accessible learning tools in these uncertain times, this study centres on the curation of a digital video archive featuring exemplary student works to facilitate peer-to-peer learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty high-achieving students majoring in communication were invited to discuss their learning experiences and the processes involved in creating distinct class projects. These interviews were then turned into thirty short peer-learning videos and stored in a digital archive. The archive was advertised to over 200 students via mass email, in-class promotions, and school web pages during the Fall 2022 and Spring 2023 semesters. To gain a better understanding of student engagement with the digital archive as a means of active learning and knowledge construction, three focus group interviews were conducted. Findings reveal that the archive positively impacts student learning by providing an accessible, flexible platform for understanding course materials outside of the traditional classroom setting. This is particularly useful during the add/drop period when students want to learn more about the course before enrolment. Additionally, the peer advice and work samples shared in the videos provide a grounded perspective on instructor expectations, hence enabling students to produce higher-quality work.

Theme: 1. Showcase Project Achievements

Sub-theme: 1.3  Special UGC Grant for Strategic Development of Virtual Teaching and Learning (VTL)